Bebê que mama no peito tem menos infecção de ouvido

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O leite materno é um alimento indispensável para os bebês e, neste mês, conhecido como Agosto Dourado por simbolizar a luta pelo incentivo à amamentação, é importante ressaltar que doenças crônicas, alergias e até a covid-19 podem ser evitadas ou terem os riscos reduzidos graças à amamentação. O leite materno aumenta a imunidade. Contém anticorpos e proteínas que diminuem os casos de infecções e inflamações, como a otite, por exemplo, que causa muita dor ao neném e noites sem dormir. No Paraná, duas pesquisas investigaram a ocorrência de otite em crianças amamentadas e não amamentadas no peito; a alimentação com leites artificiais; e a relação entre otite e a postura do bebê na hora de mamar. Embora seja um tema controverso, muitos pediatras recomendam às mães não dar o peito ou a mamadeira com o bebê deitado porque isso pode facilitar com que tanto o leite ingerido quanto uma possível regurgitação da criança parem na trompa auditiva, podendo servir de transporte para vírus e bactérias até a orelha, causando otites. Um dos estudos, coordenado pelas fonoaudiólogas Francis Oliveira; Raquel Colombo e Cristiane Gomes, do Centro Universitário de Maringá, foi feito com 59 mães de bebês com até dois anos de idade. A investigação mostrou que a incidência de otite foi maior em crianças entre 13 e 24 meses, por causa de fatores como a introdução de leite artificial oferecido em mamadeira e em posição deitada. As pesquisadoras alertaram para o perigo do desmame precoce. Outro estudo, realizado pelas fonoaudiólogas Luciana Marchiori e Juliana Melo, na Universidade do Norte do Paraná, comprovou também a proteção que a amamentação no peito oferece contra as infecções na orelha. O artigo, intitulado Resultados Timpanométricos: Lactentes de Seis Meses de Idade, traz os dados da pesquisa. Dos 46 bebês avaliados, 30 foram submetidos à amamentação exclusiva com leite materno, enquanto 16 não. Todos passaram por exames para detecção de alterações sugestivas de otites na orelha. Entre os que mamaram apenas no peito, a timpanometria foi normal em 90% dos casos. Entre os bebês que não tiveram amamentação exclusiva, apenas 50% deles tiveram timpanometria normal. A proteção que o aleitamento materno oferece é ainda mais importante porque já é sabido que na primeira infância muitas crianças têm perda auditiva devido às infecções na orelha. O problema é mais grave nos casos das otites de repetição, variados períodos em que as crianças não escutam bem – ora escutam, ora não. Nestes casos, a perda auditiva, mesmo que seja leve e temporária, prejudica a decodificação dos sons, podendo causar prejuízos no desenvolvimento da fala, da linguagem e na aprendizagem. “O processo de maturação do sistema auditivo central ocorre durante os primeiros três anos de vida. Por isso, a estimulação sonora neste período de maior plasticidade cerebral é imprescindível, já que para o aprendizado da linguagem oral e, consequentemente, o desenvolvimento intelectual, emocional e de habilidades, é preciso que as crianças consigam ouvir e interagir com seus pais e familiares e, assim, possam estabelecer novas conexões neurais”, pontua a fonoaudióloga Rafaella Cardoso, especialista em Audiologia na Telex Soluções Auditivas. A boa notícia é que os índices de aleitamento materno estão aumentando no Brasil, de acordo com o Estudo Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição Infantil (Enani), coordenado pela Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), em conjunto com a Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), a Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Uerj) e a Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF). Foram avaliadas 14.584 crianças menores de cinco anos, em todo país, entre fevereiro de 2019 e março de 2020 e os resultados mostraram que a prevalência de amamentação exclusiva em bebês com até quatro meses saltou de 4,7%, em 1986, para 60% neste período. Já entre os menores de seis meses, o índice aumentou de 2,9% para 45,7%; um avanço significativo mas ainda longe do ideal. Leite materno também protege contra a covid Pesquisa realizada em São Paulo pela Faculdade de Medicina do ABC (FMABC) com 218 mulheres que testaram positivo para a covid-19 em algum período da gravidez, mostrou que as mamães infectadas não transmitem o vírus para seus bebês. Em um dos casos, os pesquisadores comprovaram que o colostro de uma mulher infectada ao dar à luz tinha anticorpos capazes de anular o ataque do vírus. A pediatra Fabíola Suano de Souza, que participou do estudo, confirma. “A covid-19 não é transmitida por meio da amamentação nem durante a gestação”.

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