Frente da Agropecuária diz ter votos suficientes para derrubar veto de Lula ao marco temporal – MARANHÃO Hoje

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Presidente Lula vetou o principal ponto da proposta

A Frente Parlamentar da Agropecuária (FPA) diz ter votos suficientes para derrubar os vetos do presidente Lula ao projeto de lei que trata sobre o marco temporal para a demarcação de terras indígenas. A proposta foi aprovada na Câmara dos Deputados com 283 votos a favor. No Senado, recebeu apoio de 43 parlamentares. Em ambas as casas legislativas, o apoio já demonstrado quando da deliberação do texto seria mais do que o necessário para rejeição aos vetos.

Nesta sexta-feira (20), o Executivo vetou o principal ponto da proposta, que estabelece que os povos indígenas só possuem o direito de reivindicar as terras que eles ocupavam no dia 5 de outubro de 1988 – data de promulgação da Constituição Federal. Essa tese jurídica ficou conhecida como marco temporal.

Presidente da FPA, o deputado federal Pedro Lupion (PP-PR) classificou o veto parcial do presidente da República como um “desrespeito ao Congresso Nacional”. O parlamentar lembrou que o projeto de lei passou na Câmara e no Senado com larga vantagem e afirmou que vai trabalhar para derrubar a decisão do governo.

“Nós não podemos assistir de braços cruzados a injustiça com os proprietários rurais do país. Não podemos assistir de braços cruzados a escalada da violência no campo. E é por isso que nós vamos tomar providências. Essa providência será já nas negociações da próxima sessão do Congresso Nacional nós trabalharmos para derrubar esse veto”, disse.

O governo vetou outros pontos da proposta. Um deles previa que a instalação de bases militares, expansão de rodovias ou a exploração de energia de cunho estratégico poderiam ocorrer sem consulta às comunidades indígenas. Lula também disse não ao artigo que permitia a instalação, em terras indígenas, de redes de comunicação, estradas e outras vias de transporte.

O artigo que previa indenização por benfeitorias aos atuais ocupantes de áreas que viessem a se tornar terras indígenas também foi barrado pela presidência da República.

Próximos passos – Flávia Bahia, professora da FGV Direito Rio, afirma que a análise dos vetos pelo Congresso Nacional não será o último capítulo da discussão a respeito do marco temporal. Ela lembra que, recentemente, o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), rejeitou a tese do marco para a demarcação de terras indígenas. Segundo a maioria dos ministros, a data de promulgação da Constituição não pode ser baliza para definir a ocupação tradicional da terra por essas comunidades.

“O caminho natural dessa lei, principalmente na parte conflituosa do marco temporal, é que ela seja objeto de uma Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade, cuja palavra final será do Supremo Tribunal Federal. Essa mudança de jurisprudência por atividade legislativa é absolutamente democrática, constitucional, mas creio que, como não houve nenhum grande intervalo, nem mudança social entre a decisão do Supremo e a eventual publicação da lei, a decisão do tribunal deva ser mantida”, projeta.

Ciente da provável derrota no STF, a bancada da agropecuária já se articula para garantir, no texto constitucional – e não apenas via projeto de lei – a data de 5 de outubro de 1988 como parâmetro para demarcação de territórios indígenas. A Proposta de Emenda à Constituição (PEC) 48/2023 propõe que o artigo 231 da Constituição Federal estabeleça o dia 5 de outubro de 1988 como marco temporal.

Disputa – A polêmica em torno do marco temporal para demarcação das terras indígenas opõe interesses dos povos originários e de produtores rurais brasileiros. É o que explica Flávia Bahia. “Em resumo, nós temos conflitos envolvendo os direitos dos povos indígenas, uma parcela da população brasileira que sempre foi muito colocada em escanteio. E, do outro lado, nós temos interesses da bancada agropecuária, que envolvem altíssimos valores com relação à terra, com relação a indenizações, com relação à plantação”, completa.

(Fonte: Brasil 61)

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